現代トルコにおけるクルド系ヌルジュ運動

メド・ゼフラの事例を中心に

抄録

This paper, evolving out of six months of fieldwork, examines the Kurdish cemaats within the Nurcu movement, one of the most conspicuous Islamic movements in modern Turkey. It mainly deals with the largest of these, the Med-Zehra group, its organizational structure, activities, and ideas.
Med-Zehra, as a Nurcu member, follows the path of Said Nursî (1876/77-1960), the Kurdish founder of the movement, and thus is engaged in various educational and cultural activities through its network of dershanes. These are located in cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, Diyarbakir and Van, and concentrate especially on giving classes on the collected works of Nursî, the Risale-i Nur (Epistles of Light). Med-Zehra plans to construct a large-scale “Education and Culture Centre” in Istanbul as a focus of such activities and as the realization of Medresetü'z-Zehra, the university Nursî dreamed of establishing in Eastern Anatolia.
The activities of Med-Zehra aim at the formation of a true Islamic community in which all Muslim ethnic groups live together, while each supports itself. Their goal is ultimately the establishment of a state by each of these groups, in particular by the Kurds, which would then participate in an international “Union of Islamic Republics”. According to Med-Zehra, Nursî found that there is in the notion of nationalism a positive aspect which becomes “the cause of mutual assistance and solidarity” within an ethnic community and by promoting such conduct “ensures a beneficial strength, and further strengthens the brotherhood of Islam”. Nursî in fact used the term nationalism in a rather vague manner, but the position taken over by Med-Zehra may be considered as presenting a new type of Kurdish nationalism against that of the secularist nationalists such as the well-known Kurdistan Workers' Party.