抄録
It is remarkable that in the later Islamic history from the 13th century up till the nineteenth century, the Sufi brotherhoods had reorganized the Muslim society. This article stresses less the opposing inter-relationship between the Sufi orders and the orthodox Islamic Church than the complementary relationship between the two. From this point of view, the integration of Islam in later Islam could be realized only through the intermediary social function of Sufi orders. Sociologically viewed, Sufi orders could succeed provided with its adaptation to the corporate structure of society, based especially upon the craft guilds.
In modern history, for the creation of the basis of the modernization of Islamic society, the rationalization of objects, or the concentration of diversified values was necessary condition for the Muslims, hence, firstly the purificationist Wahhabism attacked the Sufism as the inner enemy, and much later the Modernists followed the same attack. So far the two movements have contributed to the effect of further disintegrating the essential social basis of Islam. This underlies the identity crisis of modern Muslims.
