Woody Oil Plants in Cosmetics: Applications, Bioactive Components, Mechanisms of Action, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Abstract: Amidst the growing trend towards natural, green, and multifunctional products, woody oil plants have emerged as a strategic avenue for the cosmetics industry to reduce reliance on imported natural raw materials. Integrating market big data, international regulatory frameworks, and experimental research, this review systematically examines the cosmetic applications of 18 representative woody oil plants, including coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), olive (Olea europaea L.), and almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb). It details their active components, mechanisms of action-such as moisturizing, soothing, whitening, anti-acne, and photoprotective effects-and potential limitations. Market data analysis reveals disparities in the popularity and development models of different raw materials, while a comparative assessment is provided of the regulatory requirements set by key agencies including the EU SCCS, US CIR, and China NMPA. This paper further summarizes current challenges facing these botanical ingredients, particularly concerning standardized quality control and robust safety-efficacy evaluation systems. Finally, future research directions and industrialization prospects in the functional cosmetics sector are outlined, aiming to furnish a theoretical foundation and strategic roadmap for the high-quality advancement of this industry.