Evaluation method for effect of the Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining Method in the shallow-depth tunnel

Abstract

Generally, the shallow-depth tunnel is constructed by an auxiliary method. It is thought that especially an Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining Method is effective in control of surface settlement, the improvement in face stability.
Evaluating surface settlement control effect quantitative on Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining is presented. Considering simulation related with measurement value on surface settlement, a new design method of Umbrella Method and Pre-Lining Method is proposed. Simulation is calculated by 2-dimensional finite element method.