A study of human dependence on tunnel design.

Abstract

The tunnel support designed before the excavation often differs from the actual support. In this study the trends of the tunnel design of engineers (owners, geologists, consultants and construction engineers) were studied. At the first step, engineers picked up their concerning points in the design following to a geological survey reports. With the field observation, they modified their concerning points and gave the support design along the tu, nnel. After the circulating all available mutual data, members gave their final support design. The results were discussed from the point of human dependence on tunnel design.