Abstract
Non-metallic additives are useful countermeasures to reduce smoke and particulate matter from diesel engine emissions. Non-metallic additives include nitro- and oxygenates, oxygenates and nitrogenates. Nitrites and nitrates can reduce smoke and particulate matter in the direct fuel injection engine under constant conditions of 2100 rpm and 80% load. In particular, n -hexylnitrite added to gas oil improved particulate matter and NOx reduction, and fuel consumption efficiency in the indirect fuel injection engine under Japanese 10·15 mode operation. These additives also reduced the cycle-to-cycle variation of maximum pressures in the cylinder. Smoke concentration decreased with increasing oxygenate concentration. However, oxygenates increased fuel consumption and did not stabilize cycle-to-cycle variation.
