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Babesia gibsoni is a tick-transmitted protozoan parasite of wild and domestic canids in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and North America. The most commonly observed clinical signs in naturally-infected dogs are anemia, pyrexia, anorexia, lethargy and splenomegaly. Experimental infections of B. gibsoni have provided valuable information about the prepatent period following tick-transmitted infection and the role of the spleen in controlling the severity of disease. Diagnosis of B. gibsoni infections is based on the examination of Romanowsky-stained, thin blood smears for intraerythrocytic parasites and/or serodiagnosis, most often using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Various drugs have been employed to treat B. gibsoni infections, of which diminazene aceturate, phenamidine isethionate, pentamidine isethionate and parvaquone seemed to be most efficacious. Prevention and control of B. gibsoni infection is based on early diagnosis, effective treatment and adequate tick control.
