Comparison of the kinematic characteristics of stepping movements in the Four Square Step Test among community-dwelling older adults with and without a history of falls

Abstract

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare the direction-specific kinematic characteristics of stepping movements in the Four Square Step Test among community-dwelling older adults who fell and those who did not, using an optical motion capture device. In addition, specific elements of fall risk were identified based on the kinematic characteristics of stepping movements. [Participants and Methods] We enrolled 74 individuals aged ≥65 years who visited community centers in this study. The participants were interviewed to determine their fall history in the past year and divided into two groups: fallers and non-fallers. An optical motion capture device was used to assess the stepping parameters (step length, step speed, and toe clearance). [Results] The step length of both lower extremities in the right direction and the step speed of both lower extremities in the forward direction, the right lower extremity in the backward direction, and the left lower extremity in the right direction were significantly shorter and slower in the faller group, respectively. [Conclusion] The step length and speed in each direction may be important kinematic indicators for estimating the likelihood of falls in community-dwelling older adults.