Associations between footwear fit and developmental milestones in toddlers: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between footwear characteristics and motor development in toddlers walking independently. [Participants and Methods] A total of 13 toddlers (mean age: 26.5 ± 4.5 months) were included. Footwear characteristics, including size, presence of a heel counter, and flex point alignment, were assessed. Motor development was evaluated using the Enjoji Analytical Developmental Test. [Results] Improperly fitted footwear was frequently observed. A significant positive correlation was identified between appropriately sized footwear and locomotor development. [Conclusion] These findings underscore the importance of correctly fitted footwear to support optimal motor development in toddlers.