The Move into Manchuria of the Nissan Combine

Masaru UDAGAWA

doi:10.5029/jrbh1984.7.3

Masaru UDAGAWA

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ジャーナルフリー

1991 年 7 巻 p. 3-29

DOI https://doi.org/10.5029/jrbh1984.7.3

詳細

Published: 1991/03/15 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: 2010/06/28 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/06/28 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Right : 1On this point,the following two works can serve as the first point of reference.Hideichiro Nakamura,“The activities of the Japan Economic Federation,”in Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto,eds.,Pearl Harbor as History:Japanese American Relations1931-1941(New York:Columbia University Press,1973),411-20;and Hidemasa Morikawa,“1930nendai ni okeru kigyojin no ishiki”[The attitude of entrepreneurs in the1930s],Shiso no.624,1976.
2In Japanese academic circles it is customary to put Manchukuo in quotation marks,but because this is needlessly troublesome,quotation marks will be omitted in this essay.
3Masaru Udagawa,Shinko zaibatsu[The new zaibatsu](Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha,1984),p.10.Nissan had the special characteristic of being a combine centered on the heavy and chemical industries.For the business history of the Nissan combine,see chapter1of Shinko zaibatsu.
4Those invited included,besides Aikawa,Shingo Tsuda(president of Fuji Spinning Mills),Yunosuke Yasukawa(president of Toyo Takushoku),Nobuteru Mori(founder of the Mori combine),Shitagau Noguchi(founder of the Nitchitsu combine),and others.
5Manshukoku-shi Hensan Kankokai,ed.,Manshukoku-shi[History of Manchukuo],vol.1(Kokusai Zenrin Kyokai,1970),pp.547-48.
6The Kwantung Army bore ill feelings towards such zaibatsu as Mitsui and Mitsubishi,which were controlled feudalistically by zaibatsu families.And at that time Aikawa and his relatives owned no more than5.2%of Nissan shares.
7Mochikabu-gaisha Seiri Iinkai,ed.,Nihon zaibatsu to sono kaitai[Japanese zaibatsu and their dissolution],vol.1(1951),p.78.
8Juichiro Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-kaiso to hofu[Yoshisuke Aikawa:Reminiscences and aspirations](manuscript,Aikawa Family Archives),p.37.
9It was only from1938that the issuance of debentures secured by debentures was permitted in Japan.
10Masaru Udagawa,“Nissan zaibatsu no Manshu shinshutsu”[The invasion of Manchuria by the Nissan zaibatsu],Keieishigaku[Japan Business History Review],vol.11,no.1,July1976,p.62.
11“Aikawa-tei ni okeru Manshu kankeisha kondan kiroku”[Records of informal talks between people connected with Manchuria in the Aikawa residence],26October1951,Mangyo juyo shorui[Important documents on Manchurian industry](4),in the Aikawa Family Archives.The plan to introduce foreign capital into Manchurian development was proposed by other people prior to Aikawa's proposal of the idea.On this point see Yukio Cho,“An Inquiry into the Problem of Importing American Capital into Manchuria:A Note on Japanese-American Relations,1931-1941,”in Borg and Okamoto,Pearl Harbor as History,pp.377-410.
12Manshukoku-shi,vol.1,pp.554-55.
13Nihon zaibatsu to sono kaitai,vol.1,pp.445-46.
14Udagawa,Shinko zaibatsu,pp.71-73.
15Akira Hara,“'Manshu' ni okeru keizai tosei no tenkai-Mantetsu kaiso to Mangyo setsuritsu o megutte”[The development of economic control in“Manchuria”:Concerning the reorganization of South Manchuria Railway and the establishment of Mangyo](in Nihon keizai seisaku shiron[Historical essay on Japanese economic policies],ed.by Yoshio Ando,vol.2,University of Tokyo Press,1976),p.292.
16Udagawa,“Nissan zaibatsu no Manshu shinshutsu,”pp.67-69.
17Yoshisuke Aikawa,“Watakushi no rirekisho”[My personal history](Watakushi no rirekisho:Keizaijin[My personal history:Economists],vol.9,Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha,1980),pp.65-66.
18Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-kaiso to hofu,p.59.
19Kept in the Aikawa Family Archives,in Aikawa Yoshisuke chojutsushu[Collection of writings of Yoshisuke Aikawa],vol.1,no.2.
20Shinji Yoshino,Omokaji torikaji-ura kara mita Nikon sangyo no ayumi[Starboard the helm,port the helm:The progress of Japanese industries as seen from behind the scenes](Tstishei Sangy Kenkyiisha,1962),p.428.Yoshino acted as vice-president of Mangyo after retiring as permanent vice-minister in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry,from November1938to February1941.
21Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-kaiso to hofu,pp.43-44.
22The upper ranks of the military were strongly in favor of introducing U.S.capital into Manchuria,but there were not a few among the ranks of captain and major who were against it
23Aikawa,“Watakushi no rirekisho,”p.70.
24Aikawa,“Watakushi no rirekisho,”pp.71-72.Naoki Kojima,Aikawa Yoshisuke den[Biography of Yoshisuke Aikawa](Nihon Keiei Shuppankai,1967),p.136.
25Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-kaiso to hofu,p.78.
26Ibid.,p.79.
27Ibid.,p.88.
28Ibid.,p.89.
29Ibid.,pp.89-90.
30Ibid.,p.90.The above wires and the memorandum are also contained in Kojima's biography of Aikawa.
31Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-kaiso to hofu,pp.104-105.
32For Matsuoka's diplomatic policies,see Matsuoka Yosuke Denki Kankaai,ed.,Matsuoka Yosuke-sono hito to shogai[Yosuke Matsuoka:The man and his life](Kodansha,1974).
33Tomoda,Aikawa Yoshisuke-Kaiso to hofu,pp.93-106.
34Contained in Aikawa Yoshisuke chojutsushu.
35Aikawa,“Watakushi no rirekisho,”p.76.
36Udagawa,Shinko zaibatsu,p.77.
37Aikawa,“Watakushi no rirekisho,”p.73.
38Manchukuo Government,ed.,Manshu kenkoku junenshi[Ten-year history of building Manchuria] (Nara Shobo,1969),pp.588-89.
39Udagawa,Shinko zaibatsu,p.79.Also,after the head officeof the Nissan combine had been reorganized as Manchuria Heavy Industries Development Corporation with the move to Manchuria,the Godo Real Estate,aNissan affiliate,changed its name to the Nissan Corporation and became the liaison coordinating body for the groupe of related companies located in Japan.

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