舟川新における明治時代後期の生活・生産環境整備

在村地主による耕地整理・集落移転を通じた農業農村近代化の試み

抄録

In the latter half of the Meiji period, two young and ambitious wealthy farmers residing in Funakawashin, which is a rural village in Asahi-machi, Shimoshinkawa-gun, Toyama Prefecture, reorganized the land use of the village by relocating the village and consolidating the farm land ; additionally, they constructed various communal facilities necessary for production and living. In this study, we reproduce the actual conditions of land use and facility construction in Funakawashin based on field surveys and documents and then clarify their characteristics. In addition, we clarify the novelty and pioneering nature of the installed facility, as well as consider the factors that elicited such attempts. A comprehensive project such as that in Funakawashin is extremely rare and should be regarded as a pioneering example of Japanʼs physical planning in rural areas. The settlements in Funakawashin are relocated to reorganize the scattered settlements into rows along a new, straight main road. Dwellings are relocated from the road, thus creating an open road space and ordered land use. The joint use facilities include communal bathhouse, convening place, firefighting facility, purchasing facility, joint shipping facility, nunnery, and cemetery, which are established in the central region of the residential area to provide convenience to the residents. Funakawashin features modernized and rationalized customs in agriculture and life. Additionally, it is characterized by a comprehensive organization that includes not only physical planning, but also economic and social measures.