村落社会に関する実証的研究の方法

志摩漁村と渥美農村の事例から

抄録

　　　The concept of “rural community （Dorf-gemeinde）” has always been discussed by the members of the Japanese Association for Rural Studies, as there were discrepancies in its definition among agricultural economists, economic historians, and sociologists. Given the discrepancies, we should conceptualize it as an analytical model for the sociological analysis. We put it as a communal organization for producing and living based upon the commonage of the means of production.
　　　Field surveys at fishing villages in Shima Peninsula were planned to verify the relation between commonage of the means of production in fishery and formation of the communal organization. Through surveys at different types of fishing villages, we found that the types of fishery rule the social characteristics of the fishermen’s cooperative association, which had a large effect on the social structure of villages.
　　　As to farming in Atsumi Peninsula, it was developed only after the completion of Toyogawa Irrigation Canal in 1968. Each farming village in Atsumi Peninsula runs farming like field agriculture, frame culture, and complex agriculture which are suitable in its location. The average of agricultural income in this area has now become the highest in Japan. Field surveys at the farming villages in Atsumi Peninsula were conducted utilizing the same method mentioned above. Here, we have found that the social characteristics of the agricultural cooperative associations correlates with the social structure of villages, as well.