Touching with ultrasound, touched by ultrasound

Abstract

The advent of airborne ultrasonic phased arrays marked a significant turning point in the fields of mid-air haptics and acoustic levitation. This breakthrough has not only revolutionized academic research but also paved the way for industrialization through the emergence of startups. The author has witnessed this evolution from its inception to the present day. This paper discusses the historical background and related aspects of this technology, while also addressing recent trends and future prospects.