Research trend of lead-free perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The efficiency of lead halide perovskite solar cells has been demonstrated to exceed 26%, and the research focus on solar cells is shifting toward practical application research, such as fabricating solar cells with a large area and stability. Tin halide perovskite solar cells have attracted attention as post-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Tin halide perovskite cells are expected to exhibit high efficiency since their theoretical electronic properties are similar to those of lead halide perovskite solar cells. Although the efficiency of the latter has been improved by 15–16%, issues such as lattice defects need to be explored further in future research. This study reviews the current state of the research on perovskite solar cells and proposes future considerations.