体幹筋機能のエビデンスとアスレティックトレーニング

抄録

Adequate knowledge of trunk muscles is useful to provide the best possible treatment of low back pain, as well as for improvement of athletic performance. Thus, trunk muscle exercises are commonly performed and taught on the athletic field.

Muscle function in the neutral zone is important for trunk stabilization. Trunk muscles are classified into a local and a global muscle system. The local muscle system includes deeper muscles with their points of origin or insertion directly or indirectly on the lumbar vertebrae such as the transversus abdominis and the lumbar multifidus. The global muscle system includes muscles that are not directly attached to the lumbar vertebrae, such as the rectus abdominis and the external oblique muscles. Local muscles play a key role in trunk stability and postural responses. Hodges and Richardson reported that the onset of the transversus abdominis is earlier than that of agonist muscles (early activity) during upper limb movement. Moreover, local muscles are partially activated through low-load tasks and postural control such as with walking (tonic activity). In contrast, high-load movements such as running and jumping lead to co-activation of local and global muscles (phasic activity). Adequate training to achieve motor control of the local muscles using specific exercises is important to enhance optimal activation of trunk muscles during various movements. Therefore, I explain progressive trunk muscle training with electromyographic data from motor control exercise to bridge exercises and co-contraction of the trunk muscles along myofascial line.

Many studies investigated the effects of core stability training on athletic performance. Some recent systematic reviews revealed that core stability training provides marginal benefits to athletic performance. However, further research is necessary to better understand how trunk stability and stability affect athletic performance.