2022 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 31-48
This study aims to clarify the actual preservation of scenic views against the development of railroads in mountains during the Taisho period from the following viewpoints: (1) procedures for applying for development permits, (2) methods for evaluating scenic views, (3) measures for maintaining scenic beauty, and (4) principles for preserving scenic beauty. With regard to the application for permission, the Civil Engineering Division of the Kyoto Prefecture conducted preliminary consultations from the planning stage, and provided guidance based on surveys by engineers and the opinions of the Shrine and Temple Division. To evaluate the viewshed, the Kyoto Prefecture used the scenic spots in the city and the middle and distant views from the roads and bridges as the standard, and took technical steps to clearly identify the viewing section. Contrarily, in the case of non-permission, the Prefecture decided not to grant permission for the construction of the railroad if it interfered with maintaining the view the skyline. The Kyoto Prefecture provided guidance on the selection of routes through the valleys and the shielding of these structures by trees as a way of maintaining scenic beauty. In addition to highlighting the beauty of the mountain's shape and its appearance, the historical value of these sites, their scenic beauty, and the dignity of sacred and spiritual areas were emphasized. The opinions of the Shrine and Temple Division were respected throughout this process.
