A STUDY ON THE BUS SERVICE EVALUATION STRUCTURE OF USERS AND NON-USERS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

Abstract

 In Hanoi, the combined factors, including excessive use of motorcycles, lack of public transportation, and the massive increase in cars, cause serious problems such as traffic accidents, traffic congestions, and air pollution. The measures to promote bus usage, such as the reorganization and extension of the bus route networks, are being implemented to shift the use of motorcycles into public transportation. However, there is no change in the bus use situation. This result is thought because the residents' perspective has not been sufficiently analyzed upon formulating the measures. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify the bus service evaluation structure that expresses the formed factors of bus evaluation and those influence of bus users and non-users. We conducted a questionnaire survey focusing on both bus-users and non-users, then constructed the bus service evaluation structure using Structural Equation Modeling. As a result, "comfort of the on-board environment" has a more significant impact on the overall bus evaluation than services such as fare or travel time. In addition, "evaluation of advantages" and "tolerance for disadvantages" in bus usage also influence the evaluation of buses.