Abstract
The authors have developed a prediction method for ground conditions ahead of the face, where the inclination angle at the crown near the face is measured along with the tunnel face advances. The installation of sensors and measurement do not require borehole explorations nor blasting work around the face, therefore, do not provide any hindrance to the tunneling works either. This study systematically describes the newly developed method and its field verification test. In addition, through the numerical analysis, the prediction method with inclination variation is proved to be more sensitive to the ground conditions ahead of the face than other conventional prediction methods with displacement monitoring are.
