植物の生長および化学防御に関わるテルペノイド生合成の生物有機化学的研究(奨励賞,受賞業績)
2015 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 28-39
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2015 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 28-39
Plants biosynthesize an excess of bioactive phytochemicals (primary metabolites and specialized metabolites) that have primary functions in photosynthesis, respiration, growth and development and specialized functions in ecological interactions and defense against plant pathogens and herbivores.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play crucial roles in terpenoids biosynthesis and metabolism. 1)BR campestanol-independent pathway Recent molecular genetic studies for BR-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and garden pea have identified several P450 genes (CYP85A, 90A, 90B, 90C, 90D, 724B) so far.We, here, present that functional characterization of P450 enzymes involved in brassinosteroids biosynthesis led to the elucidation of the novel BR short-cut route (named campestanol-independent pathway). 2)CYP720 family in conifer chemical defense Recent gene discovery and phylogenetic cluster analysis for conifer P450s revealed that the CYP720 subfamily consists of over 30 P450s. Here, we report new results from the biochemical characterization of CYP720B4.In vitro assay results show that this P450 catalyze three oxidation steps at the C-18 position of abietine to form abietic acid, and also oxidize other diterpenoid olefins to the corresponding resin acids.
