Polyomavirus BK infection and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Abstract

Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is one of the important pathogens in kidney transplant patients. The screening strategy for BKV reactivation, and the diagnostic methods have reached consensus by many previous studies. However, safe and effective antiviral treatment and the vaccination have not established so far. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch has been reported to be a risk factor of BKV associated nephropathy. One of the mechanisms is that HLA-restricted cellular immune response might be impairedin HLA mismatched transplants, and recipient’s T-cells cannot recognize and clear BKV from allograft effectively. To identify specific HLAs which are associated with the lower risk of BKV infection is quite useful for elucidate the detailed mechanisms of BKV specific immune response, to develop the effective vaccine, and to establish the individualized screening strategy. We hereby review the role of HLA antigen, as a molecule for BKV specific immune response.