施設栽培従事者の農薬暴露について
キュウリ栽培の場合
1986 年 21 巻 3 号 p. 40-53
詳細
1986 年 21 巻 3 号 p. 40-53
The research study was intended to investigate farmers actual exposure to pesticide following cucumber cultivation in greenhouse. The aerial concentration of TPN (75% wettable powder) and DM TP (40% emulsifiable concentrate) sprayed by power sprayer and the dermal exposure amount to both pesticides were measured. The cycle of pesticide use, the spraying frequency of a given pesticide, and the working hours in greenhouse were also investigated. It summarizes as follows;
1. In general, the operator sprays pesticide moving forward along the ridge. In this case, the aerial concentration of TPN diluted 1100-fold (dilution based on the available component) was about 200μg/m3, and that of DMTP diluted 2500-fold was about 100μg/m3 around the operator. But this aerial concentration could be decreased by the spray of backward movement and the improvement of spray condition.
After spraying, about 2μg/m3 of TPN and about 6μg/m3 of DMTP were detected in greenhouse for a week.
2. In the case of spray of forward movement, the dermal exposure amount to TPN (1100-fold dilution) was approximately 0.01μg/cm2·min at face, and 0.1μg/cm2·min at hand. And that to DMTP (2500-fold dilution) was approximately 0.007μg/cm2·min at face, and 0.05μg/cm2·min at hand. These dermal exposure amount could be also decreased by improving the spray condition.
3. Pesticide was sprayed about three times a month. Therefore it turned out that the farmers are exposed to pesticide once every ten days.
A farmer used about ten kinds of pesticide in a year, and the spraying frequency of fungicides was consider-ably higher than that of insecticides.
The working hours in greenhouse was 30 to 40 hours per person per ten ares in ten days. In these working hours farmers are exposed to pesticide residues.
