Motivations and psychological characteristics of Japanese ultra-marathon runners using Myers-Briggs type indicator

Michiyo HASHIMOTO; Nobuhiko HAGURA; Takao KURIYAMA; Midori NISHIYAMAI

doi:10.3861/jshhe.72.15

Michiyo HASHIMOTO, Nobuhiko HAGURA, Takao KURIYAMA, Midori NISHIYAMAI

著者情報

キーワード: motivation, psychological characteristics, sport psychology, ultra-marathon, Japanese MBTI

ジャーナルフリー

2006 年 72 巻 1 号 p. 15-24

DOI https://doi.org/10.3861/jshhe.72.15

詳細

Published: 2006/01/31 Received: 2005/03/01 Available on J-STAGE: 2010/06/28 Accepted: 2005/11/19 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/06/28 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : Akita Inland Resort Cup 100km Challenge Marathon Race Homepage: http://www.kumagera.ne. jp/al00km/index.htm
Arai Y and Hisamichi S (1998): Self reported exercise frequency and personality: A population based study in Japan, Percept Mot Skills, 87, 1371-1375
Backmand H, Kaprio J, Kujala U et al. (2001): Personality and mood of former elite male athletes-A descriptive study, Int J Sports Med, 22, 215-221
Fallon KE and Bishop G (2002): Changes in erythropoiesis assessed by reticulocyte parameters during ultralong distance running, Clin J Sport Med, 12, 172-178
Fallon KE, Sivyer G, Sivyer K et al. (1999): The biochemistry of runners in a 1600 km ultra marathon, Br J Sports Med, 33, 264-269
Fournier PE, Stalder J, Mermillod B et al. (1997): Effects of 110 kilometers ultra-marathon race on plasma hormone levels, Int J Sport Med, 18, 252-256
Gabram SGA, Hodges J, Allen PT et al. (1994): Personality types of flight crew members in a hospital-based helicopter program, Air Med J, 1,13-17
Hagura N, Kuriyama T, Nishiyama M et al. (2002): Changes in endocrine secretion after an ultra marathon (super long distance running), Dokkyo J Med Sci, 29, 1-9
Hartung GH and Farge EJ (1977): Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers, J Gerontol, 32, 541-548
Hassmen P and Blomstrand E (1991): Mood change and marathon running: A pilot study using a Swedish version of the POMS test, Scand J Psychol, 32, 225-232
Jamn VK and Lall R (1996): Nurses' personality types based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Psychol Rep, 78, 938
Johnsgard K (1985a): The motivation of the long distance runner: I, J Sports Med, 25,135-139
Johnsgard K (1985b): The motivation of the long distance runner: IT, J Sports Med, 25,140-143
Jones AC, Courts FJ, Sandow PL et al. (1997): Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and dental school performance, J Dent Educ, 61, 928-933
Leonard SW and Leklem JE (2000): Plasma B-6 vitamer changes following a 50-km ultra-mara thon, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab,10, 302-314
Lock RD (1992): Your preferences in the world of work, Taking charge of your career direction, 123-160, Brooks / Cole Publishing Company (California)
Maresh CM, Scheckley BG, Allen GJ et al. (1991): Middle age male distance runners: physiological and psychological profiles, J Sports Med Phys Fit, 31, 461-469
Masters KS, Ogles BM, Jolton JA (1993): The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The motivations of marathoners scales (MOMS), Res Q Exerc Sport, 64,134-143
Millet GY, Lepers R, Maffiuletti A et al. (2002): Alternations of neuromuscular function after an ultramarathon, J Appl Physiol, 92, 486-492
Milroy A and Kamm U: http://www.ultramarathonworld.com
Morgan WP, O'Connor PJ, Sparling PB et al. (1987): Psychological characterization of the elite female distance runner, Int J Sports Med, 8 (Suppl),124-131
Morgan WP and Costill DL (1972): Psychological characteristics of the marathon runner. J Sports Med, 12,42-46
Myers IB (1987): Introduction to type, Consulting Psychologists Press (California)
Myers IB (Translated by Sonoda Y, 2000): Introduction to Type, Fifth Edition, Kaneko Syobou (Tokyo)
O'Connor SJ, Shewchuk RM, Raab DJ (1992): Patterns of psychological type among health care executives, Hosp Health Sci Adm. 37, 431-447
Pestell RG, Hurley DM, Vandongen R (1989): Biochemical and hormonal changes during a 1000 km ultramarathon , Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol,16, 353-361
Rezler AG and Buckley JM (1977): A comparison of personality types among female student health professionals, J Med Educ, 52, 475-477
Runners Press (2001): Runners, December.
Runners Press (2002): Personal communication, phone 03-3714-1311
Sato H, Abe T, Kikuchi T et al. (1996): Changes in the production of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils following a 100-km marathon, Jpn J Hyg, 51, 612-616
Spartathlon Homepage: http://spartathlon.webvista.net
Sonoda Y (2000): Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (R) Manual, Kaneko Syobou (Tokyo)
Summers JJ, Machin VJ, Sargent GI (1983): Psychological factors related to marathon running, J Sport Psychol, 5, 314-331
Summers JJ, Sargent GI, Levey AJ et al. (1982): Middle-aged, non-elite marathon runners: A profile, Percept Mot Skills, 54, 963-969
Takada H, Awaya T, Ohmiya K et al. (1994): A profile of participants in ultra-marathon compe tition, J St. Marianna Univ School of Med, 22, 916-919
Warren GL, Cureton KJ, Sparling PB (1989): Does lung function limit performance in a 24-hour ultramarathon? Respir Physiol, 78, 253-263
Westerman GH, Grandy TG, Erskine CG (1991): Personality types of dentists, Am J Dent, 4, 298-302
Yamaji K (1983): The Science of Marathon, Taisyukan (Tokyo)
Yatsugatake Nobeyama Kogen 100 km Ultra-Marathon Homepage (Nagano Prefecture): http://village.infoweb.ne.jp/~wellness/nobeyama/

Right : Akita Inland Resort Cup 100km Challenge Marathon Race Homepage: http://www.kumagera.ne. jp/al00km/index.htm
Arai Y and Hisamichi S (1998): Self reported exercise frequency and personality: A population based study in Japan, Percept Mot Skills, 87, 1371-1375
Backmand H, Kaprio J, Kujala U et al. (2001): Personality and mood of former elite male athletes-A descriptive study, Int J Sports Med, 22, 215-221
Fallon KE and Bishop G (2002): Changes in erythropoiesis assessed by reticulocyte parameters during ultralong distance running, Clin J Sport Med, 12, 172-178
Fallon KE, Sivyer G, Sivyer K et al. (1999): The biochemistry of runners in a 1600 km ultra marathon, Br J Sports Med, 33, 264-269
Fournier PE, Stalder J, Mermillod B et al. (1997): Effects of 110 kilometers ultra-marathon race on plasma hormone levels, Int J Sport Med, 18, 252-256
Gabram SGA, Hodges J, Allen PT et al. (1994): Personality types of flight crew members in a hospital-based helicopter program, Air Med J, 1,13-17
Hagura N, Kuriyama T, Nishiyama M et al. (2002): Changes in endocrine secretion after an ultra marathon (super long distance running), Dokkyo J Med Sci, 29, 1-9
Hartung GH and Farge EJ (1977): Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers, J Gerontol, 32, 541-548
Hassmen P and Blomstrand E (1991): Mood change and marathon running: A pilot study using a Swedish version of the POMS test, Scand J Psychol, 32, 225-232
Jamn VK and Lall R (1996): Nurses' personality types based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Psychol Rep, 78, 938
Johnsgard K (1985a): The motivation of the long distance runner: I, J Sports Med, 25,135-139
Johnsgard K (1985b): The motivation of the long distance runner: IT, J Sports Med, 25,140-143
Jones AC, Courts FJ, Sandow PL et al. (1997): Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and dental school performance, J Dent Educ, 61, 928-933
Leonard SW and Leklem JE (2000): Plasma B-6 vitamer changes following a 50-km ultra-mara thon, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab,10, 302-314
Lock RD (1992): Your preferences in the world of work, Taking charge of your career direction, 123-160, Brooks / Cole Publishing Company (California)
Maresh CM, Scheckley BG, Allen GJ et al. (1991): Middle age male distance runners: physiological and psychological profiles, J Sports Med Phys Fit, 31, 461-469
Masters KS, Ogles BM, Jolton JA (1993): The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The motivations of marathoners scales (MOMS), Res Q Exerc Sport, 64,134-143
Millet GY, Lepers R, Maffiuletti A et al. (2002): Alternations of neuromuscular function after an ultramarathon, J Appl Physiol, 92, 486-492
Milroy A and Kamm U: http://www.ultramarathonworld.com
Morgan WP, O'Connor PJ, Sparling PB et al. (1987): Psychological characterization of the elite female distance runner, Int J Sports Med, 8 (Suppl),124-131
Morgan WP and Costill DL (1972): Psychological characteristics of the marathon runner. J Sports Med, 12,42-46
Myers IB (1987): Introduction to type, Consulting Psychologists Press (California)
Myers IB (Translated by Sonoda Y, 2000): Introduction to Type, Fifth Edition, Kaneko Syobou (Tokyo)
O'Connor SJ, Shewchuk RM, Raab DJ (1992): Patterns of psychological type among health care executives, Hosp Health Sci Adm. 37, 431-447
Pestell RG, Hurley DM, Vandongen R (1989): Biochemical and hormonal changes during a 1000 km ultramarathon , Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol,16, 353-361
Rezler AG and Buckley JM (1977): A comparison of personality types among female student health professionals, J Med Educ, 52, 475-477
Runners Press (2001): Runners, December.
Runners Press (2002): Personal communication, phone 03-3714-1311
Sato H, Abe T, Kikuchi T et al. (1996): Changes in the production of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils following a 100-km marathon, Jpn J Hyg, 51, 612-616
Spartathlon Homepage: http://spartathlon.webvista.net
Sonoda Y (2000): Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (R) Manual, Kaneko Syobou (Tokyo)
Summers JJ, Machin VJ, Sargent GI (1983): Psychological factors related to marathon running, J Sport Psychol, 5, 314-331
Summers JJ, Sargent GI, Levey AJ et al. (1982): Middle-aged, non-elite marathon runners: A profile, Percept Mot Skills, 54, 963-969
Takada H, Awaya T, Ohmiya K et al. (1994): A profile of participants in ultra-marathon compe tition, J St. Marianna Univ School of Med, 22, 916-919
Warren GL, Cureton KJ, Sparling PB (1989): Does lung function limit performance in a 24-hour ultramarathon? Respir Physiol, 78, 253-263
Westerman GH, Grandy TG, Erskine CG (1991): Personality types of dentists, Am J Dent, 4, 298-302
Yamaji K (1983): The Science of Marathon, Taisyukan (Tokyo)
Yatsugatake Nobeyama Kogen 100 km Ultra-Marathon Homepage (Nagano Prefecture): http://village.infoweb.ne.jp/-wellness/nobeyama/

抄録

　本研究は,ウルトラマラソンをはじめた動機及びユングの理論に基づいて作成された日本語版MBTIを用いてランナーの心理的特質を調べることを目的として,52名のウルトラマラソンランナー(平均年齢45.7歳男性76.9%)を対象にアンケート調査を行った.その結果,ウルトラマラソンをはじめたきっかけは,通常のフルマラソンより長距離を走りたい(38.5%),友人・知人の影響(23 .1%)であった.ウルトラマラソンの継続理由は,到達的,社会的,心理的要因に大別された.ウルトラマラソンは対象者に,達成感を得られる(心理的理由,73.1%),挑戦(到達的理由,46.2%),自分の可能性を広げる(到達的理由,32.7%),他ランナーとの交流・人との出会い(社会的理由,26.9%)などをもたらしていた.MBTIの結果,INFJとISFJの2タイプが日本人の一般人口よりウルトラマラソンランナーに多く見られる心理的特質であることが明らかになった.INFJ/ISFJタイプとそれ以外のタイプ間で,マラソン歴に有意な違いは見られなかったことから,この心理的特質はウルトラマラソンをはじめたことから得られたものではないことが示唆された.本研究から,日本人ウルトラマラソンランナーの特質として,自分の内面により関心を向け,感情を考慮に入れて結論を導くことを好み,計画や秩序に基づいて行動する傾向があることが示された.

責任著者(Corresponding author)

訂正情報

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）