Hodgkin-like adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma that developed during the follow-up of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis

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Hodgkin-like adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare variant of ATLL, which represents the early neoplastic phase of ATLL that follows an indolent clinical course compared with typical ATLL. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurological disorder characterized by the paralysis of lower limbs and urinary disturbance. Although these diseases are caused by HTLV-1 infection, there are no reports describing the coexistence of Hodgkin-like ATLL and HAM/TSP. Here, we report the first case of Hodgkin-like ATLL complicated by HAM/TSP. The patient was a 56-year-old man with right inguinal lymphadenopathy who had been using the neurology outpatient service for 13 years after being diagnosed with HAM/TSP. He was unable to receive intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation due to a poor performance status, but his condition was stable for approximately two years.