抄録
A participatory approach has been widely recognized as a means of designing products, services, policies, and other artifacts in such a way that allows all stakeholders involved to meet their needs. Both experts and stakeholders are usually involved in the participatory design process in order to reflect different opinions. In the context of product design, the popularization of 3D printing technologies would accelerate a participatory approach to designing and manufacturing products by users. Regardless of an increasing attention to a participatory approach in many different fields, research on systematizing a participatory design methodology has not yet been progressed. Toward developing a participatory design framework, this paper performs a literature review and compares several cases of participatory design to extract research needs and challenges in supporting participatory design. Out review results revealed that how experts and stakeholders are involved differs on a case-by-case basis. What is commonly important is that experts' interventions should be kept to the minimum necessary in order to elicit as many stakeholders' opinions as possible.
