Abstract
Urban environment in mega-cities like Tokyo is still getting worse and worse. For example, concentration of carbon dioxide (CO_2) and NO_2 is still increasing. Another serious environmental issue is "urban warming", which is caused by concentrated consumption of energy in the urban area. The cause of aggravation of the urban environment can be mainly attributed to increase of automobiles in this area. In the present study, we will report the energy flow and the waste heat of the future vehicles including electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. In addition, the new air conditioning system is designed to reduce the effect of the waste heat emission.
