In the present study, a macroscopic nonlocal constitutive equation for the elastic material having periodical microstructure is proposed. To estimate the strain energy caused by the macroscopic strain gradient, the relationship between strain gradient and its work conjugate higher order stress is formulated. Strain energy required for the macroscopic strain gradient of two-phase composite material was estimated by the local, nonlocal and fullscale FEM models. Nonlocal and fullscale FEM models estimate the strain energy depend on the size of periodical microstructure.