アルミニウム合金製車体構造の衝撃挙動の検討

抄録

It is necessary to grasp the impact behavior of railway vehicles accurately when considering measures for reducing damage to passengers and crews of a train at the time of a collision accident from the viewpoint of vehicle body structure. Since it is difficult to carry out collision tests by using real car bodies under various collision conditions, analytical models are often used for investigating collision situation. We focused on car body structure for railway vehicles that has double skin panels made of aluminum alloy. In collision analysis, it is important to construct accurate analytical models in which the strain rate dependency of stress-strain characteristics is taken into account. Therefore, we conducted tensile tests on aluminum alloys used for car bodies at several strain rates, and we also conducted simulations in order to examine whether the test results are reproducible or not. Furthermore, we conducted a crash test by using a roof of the car body structure made of an aluminum alloy. This paper shows the results of the tensile tests and its simulation, and the outline of the results of the crash test. In all aluminum alloys, Stress-strain characteristics changed according to the strain rates. Simulations had good agreement with the results of the tensile tests until nominal stress reaches tensile strength. In the crash test, deformation occurred locally in the collision area.