The Effect of Delayed Visual Feedback on the Full Body Illusion Using VR

Abstract

The full body illusion (FBI) is an illusion of the self-ownership and self-agency towards an avatar that moves synchronously with one’s own body movement. Here we investigated the FBI using an avatar that moves with a short delay from the participant’s movement. Participants made their steps on the spot while watching a VR scene as if the avatar walked in a street either synchronously (100-ms delay) or asynchronously (400- or 700-ms delay) with their steps. The avatar was presented in either 1st-person or 3rd-person perspective. The result showed that the participants felt the sense of ownership only toward the avatar that moved synchronously in the 1st-person perspectives. Our results suggest that our body image can be projected on the avatar that is presented in the 1st-person perspective and moves synchronously with one’s own body.