The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Osseointegrated Implants

Abstract

It has been reported that cigarette smoking may have negative effects on osseointegrated implants, but detailed investigations have not been made on many cases. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term results of implants between a smoking group and a nonsmoking group. One hundred thirteen patients who had received Brånemark implants and had undergone prosthetic treatment between August 1990 and February 1996 at the Department of Oral Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine or hospitals affiliated with that Department were investigated.
The relation between failure rates and smoking habits was studied. The overall failure rate was 5.45%. It was found that a significantly greater percentage of failures occurred in smokers (7.14%) than in nonsmokers (3.56%). Failure rates were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, even for longer fixtures which have generally good predictability. Further, the failure rates of the implants with one or more years of follow-up period were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.