社会学評論
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
山村聚落内の階層意識に関する若干の考察
木原 健太郎
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ジャーナル フリー

1953 年 3 巻 4 号 p. 52-80

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Though class is an important social fact in contemporary society, each member of society does not necessarily possess a class-consciousness. What determines class consciousness is the complication of economic system of the society and psychological factors of the individuals corresponding to it. The condition of this complication is different according to the social situation people live in.
Operating within this frame of reference, a survey of class-consciousness was conducted in a geographically isolated mountain village of several hundred families in the midwestern part of the Izu Peninsula.
The method of conducting this survey was as follows :
(1) Residents from all social strata who were willing to cooperate with the survey made estimates of strata differentiation in terms of the standard of living. Strata were then established in terms of the standard of living by combing these estimates with certain objective economic indices.
(2) A through examination was made of the tensions and conflicts occuring in the past few years between individuals and families.
(3) Then attention was concentrated upon tension situations caused by status differentiation between the lower and upper strata and originating in the lower stratum.
(4) Finally the family relationships and past incidents within the family of those who were actors in present tension situations were subjected to analysis.
Through this operation, it became evident that :
(1) It is rare that lowest stratum individuals give rise to situations of tension against upper stratum individuals for economic reasons alone.
(2) Considering the economical factor alone, individuals of the lower stratum who live independently are apt to originate tension against the upper stratum.
(3) Those who are highly dependent upon the upper stratum everyday life do not originate situations of tension.
(4) When the life histories of the family members of the lower stratum individuals who have caused situations of tension in the past are examined, in almost every such family, delinquency in such forms as arson or theft is found.
(5) Families, some of whose members have committed such delinquent acts tend to have interaction with each other.
n short, in this highly isolated mountain village so-called class-consciousness is faint. In its place there seems to be substituted a consciousness socio-pathological conflicts. It is conjectured that the reason for this might lie in the facts of a high income derived from forestry and a higher standard of living than is found in many other mountain village on the Izu Peninsula.

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