都市に於ける社会関係に関する実証的研究

抄録

The purpose of the present study is to explain how the social relation in a city life actually is.
For this study, I took up 53 families in Sapporo City, which had someone dead on the 10th or 20th of every month in 1952 and 1953 ; and a kodencho, an obituary gift list, as the main material for the study of the social relation in a city. Because I think that almost all the people who have some relations with the concerned family or its menbers, are listed in the kodencho. And the relation of the family to the people was studied from the following points of view.
(1) According to classification of Dr. Eitaro Suzuki, there are five elemental social groups in city : kinship group, school group, occupation group, neighborhood group, and life-improvement group. Which group are the family with someone dead or its members mostly related to?
(2) And between the concerned family and the people, what type of, and what degree of, relation are found? In this case, the investigation was done chiefly by observing the relation-form of the loan, exchange of presents, invitation, and mutual aids, which are seen at the ceremonies of marriage, funeral and ancestral worship, and at birth or at sick bed.
And the results which were obtained from the above-mentioned research procedure, can be generalized as follows.
The social relation in city life is maintained mainly by the members of kinship group, occupation group, and neighborhood group.
(1) As for the kinship-group members, the relation is closer in affinity than in consanguinity. And the extent of the relation of the kinship-group members who are connected intimately, is confined to children, the parents of their spouses, brothers and sisters, and uncles and aunts.
(2) And the social relations among families in a city are maintained mostly by kinship members, and there are some group members of which are the representatives of the concerned family. And in the latter case famify-members other than the representatives are indifferent to and independent of each ather, and rarely form a communal and organized family-relation.
(3) As for the relation of occupation-group members to the concerned family, when the group is small, almost all the group-members form a unit of social communication, and when large, a section in the group forms a unit.
(4) As for neighborhood-group members, it does not take a large form or a systematic form in their relations. The most intimate neighboring families are numbered generally from 2 to 5, and hardly over 10.
(5) In a city life every kind of social relations except in the case of kinship ends in one generation, and never continues to next generation.