Abstract
Manpower problems in contemporary science and engineering are reviewed and some signs of changes in the nature of the problems are discussed. Specific policy issues are classified into three levels: that of (national and policy) goals, of specific policies, and of environment. Issues on creativity development of scientific and engineering experts and its social accountability provides examples of changes in nature of the manpower problems. Practical competence and creativity are now becoming synonymous at the forefront of science and engineering. Creative entrepreneurship, as distinct from creativity in fundamental research, is needed and a new form of collective creativity attracts attention in such circumstances. On the other hand, the manpower policy will be seen in closer relationship to national goals and its social accountability will have to be assessed more closely. Myths about the manpower problem should be challenged. The paper concluded with a proposition of tasks in this field for the academic circle.
