Abstract
Among public research sectors carrying out industrial technology research (public research institutes, organization in university etc.,), typical cases are found which have positioning corresponding to firms' research stages (early stage technology, core stage technology, product and practical technology). As those typical cases, BSAC (early stage technology research-type) in UC Berkeley, IMEC (core stage technology research-type) in Belgium, Fraunhofer Society (product and practical technology research-type) in Germany are selected, and Max Planck Society in Germany is selected as science research-type. By comparing these four cases, effect of the positioning (type) in research stages of public research sectors on the research system, the collaboration system with private firms, and the resulting performance are analyzed. As the positioning (type) changes from science to product and practical technology, the research system follows the change, and the collaboration system with private firms becomes more individual to firms. With the positioning change, the academic paper number performance (academic paper number/total revenue) monotonously decreases. But, no simple correlation is found between the positioning change and the industry fund performance (industry fund/total revenue) or the licensing income performance (licensing income/total revenue). A moderate correlation is found that as the industry fund performance increases, the academic-paper-number performance decreases for eight representative public research sectors. On the basis of these analyses, implications are given for Japanese public research sectors focusing on industry technology: 1) adjustment with research in private firms and introduction of their research fund are important, 2) selecting adequate collaboration type is important on collaboration with private firms, 3) as for evaluation indicators of public research sectors, indicators representing the strength of collaboration with private firms such as total amount of research fund from private firms should be set in addition to those representing the research activity of public research sector such as total number of academic paper.
