Abstract
Scientific activities in the public sector are expected to promote the innovation and contribute to the development of industrial economies. However, recent decline of scientific capabilities in Japan has cast a question of how to reform the university system and facilitate the scientific activities, which has become the most important subject in the "Science of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy" project. In recent years, the demand from industry for the science-driven innovation has unprecedentedly increased. This trend has fostered the entrepreneurship among academic scientists and changed the norms in the scientific community. This paper outlines the traditional theories in sociology of science, and based on the authors' research and literature review, it discusses how the recent social trend has influenced and will influence the behavioral patterns of individual scientists and, as a whole, scientific advancement and industrial development. Finally, this paper offers implications for the future research of "Science of Science" from the sociological perspective.
