Abstract
Using the three-building blocks (knowledge/technology, actors and networks, institutions) for understanding sectoral innovation systems, this study analyzed the dynamic changes in innovative systems resulting from the innovative knowledge and technology achieved through research and development. Analysis of plant breeding, particularly the changes due to hybridization and genetically modified (GM) technology, suggests that the emergence of innovative knowledge and technology is related to: (i) a change in central actors or the arrival of new actors capable of incorporating such knowledge and technology; (ii) the expansion of institutions that increase incentives for actors to engage in research and development; and (iii) a requirement for institutions to connect innovative knowledge and technology with society. In recent years, there have been advances in the practical application of innovative knowledge and technology in the area of plant breeding; these are referred to as NBT (New Plant Breeding Techniques), and they suggest the possibility for further changes in innovation systems. Deliberation on future issues regarding policies on plant breeding should take into consideration the changing trajectory of the innovation systems resulting from NBT.
