Consequences of the Complexity of Innovation Policy

Abstract

Japan's science and technology policy shifted toward innovation policy in the 2000s to address economic stagnation and social issues. In 2021, the 6th STI Basic Plan broadens its scope across disciplines. However, this shift increased policy complexity due to wider spatial reach, long-term considerations, and systemic trade-offs. Innovation requires continuous resource input and balanced technological development. Policymakers must navigate short- and long-term priorities while addressing ethical, economic, and political challenges. As a result, interdisciplinary research and integrated knowledge have become essential for effective innovation policy and sustainable progress.