抄録
In Japan, no manpower policy on science and technology has been implemented since World War II. The only exception has been the program that aimed at increasing the number of students in the faculties of science and engineering in the late '50s. This program was based on the demand of the economy at the time. American manpower policy from the late '50s to the early '60s was, on the contrary, implemented on the basis of demands concerning national security. Lately, in both countries, the importance of the educational system is increasingly seen from the perspective of industrial competitiveness. The main concern, however, of the new manpower policies for the training of scientists and engineers being discussed is to meet the foreseen shortage of software engineers. The chief aim of the manpower policy under discussion of in Japan is to create a more diversified pool of human resources in science and technology. In the USA, however, the emphasis is rather on obtaining a more homogeneous, well -balanced pool. It is, so to speak, as if in Japan the trend is from homogeneity to diversification, whereas diversification to homogeneity. It is from in America. Further a point being widely discussed in Japan, is that the training of abilities at school to conceptualize will prove to be the key to producing creative scientists and engineers.
