セルフ・イメージの発達的変化 : WAI技法に対する反応パターンの分析(<特集>『対人影響過程における自己』)

抄録

The developmental change of self-image was analyzed by using the WAI technique, in which each subject wrote 20 statements answering a question "Who am I ?" Subjects were primary, secondary and high school students, and total number of subjects was 4,948. Each response was coded by using a 303-category system, which was inductively constructed through content analysis of WAI responses. As the result of analyzing response patterns of 172 categories of the category system, 3 dimensions explaining individual differences, i.e., dimensions of 1) characters vs. demographic attributes, 2) self-consciousness, and 3) needs, hopes or desires, were found. Three clusters were resulted from a non-hierarchical cluster analysis of 172 categories. These clusters were A) social-biological basis, B) characters, and C) desire and self-evaluation. With increasing age, the propotion of subjects who responded only Cluster A decreased, and the propotion of subjects responded all of 3 clusters increased. These results suggested that in early stages of development, the self-image reflected social and biological basis of personality and that in the process of development, self-image reflected more aspects of personality.