高血圧合併2型糖尿病患者における食塩摂取量と食習慣との関連

抄録

Salt restriction is important in the management of hypertension with or without diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between dietary salt intake and dietary behavior, knowledge about salt restriction, and social background in Japanese adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. We studied 200 hypertension patients with T2D (122 men and 78 women) who visited the outpatient clinic of Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital from April 2014 to March 2016. A self-administered questionnaire on eating behaviors was distributed. Random urine samples were collected at three consecutive visits and daily salt intake was calculated using the equation by Uechi et al. Multivariable regression analysis showed that low salt intake was significantly associated with "dietary support other than self (i.e. family)" and "not overeating under stress" in men and "not eating fast" in women (p-values <0.05). There was no difference in salt intake between correct and incorrect responders to questions about salt-related knowledge. In conclusion, knowledge about food/health related to salt intake was not associated with salt intake in patients with T2D and hypertension. Nutritional guidance and interventions aimed at reducing salt intake are urgently needed.