AI，その原理と医学・医療における応用

抄録

ChatGPT, a large language model released in late 2022, shocked the world with its human-like response capabilities. ChatGPT can generate grammatically correct sentences and respond to prompts accurately; however, it sometimes provides incorrect information. The latest version of ChatGPT is also capable of recognizing and interpreting images and pointing out errors in table calculations. AI has demonstrated capabilities surpassing those of humans in various fields, such as Go and Shogi, autonomous driving taxis, and medical research, with medical diagnostics reaching levels comparable to those of specialists. Generative AI like ChatGPT is characterized by its ability to create not only text but also images and sounds, thus generating new original content. Doctors and medical professionals must understand its principles as much as possible for usage.

Information systems have evolved through a Tri-Core Information Model consisting of genes, brains, and AI. Each shares the structure of input, information processing, and output, functioning based on the principles of maximizing probability and incorporating randomness. However, there are differences among genes, brains, and AI in terms of parameter update intervals, number of parameters, and energy consumption. The brain's system has evolved to develop reasoning capabilities, language, and painting functions to maximize the probabilities of survival and reproduction. Generative AI features probability maximization and performs randomization based on this probability.

ChatGPT calculates the probability of the next word from past sentences and generates new sentences using optimized parameters. While AI's evolution could pose a threat to humanity, understanding the threat and preventing AI from running amok requires not only knowledge of AI's technology and performance but also an understanding of its principles and theoretical basis. In the medical field, as the application of AI advances, it is necessary to consider not only technical knowledge but also ethical, legal, and social issues.