An Autopsy Case of Dextromethorphan Poisoning

Abstract

A woman in her 30s who was being treated for a mental illness with several psychotropic drugs was admitted to the hospital after being found in a state of unconsciousness and respiratory arrest at home. She was pronounced dead 12 hours after she was discovered. Her autopsy revealed symmetrical hemorrhagic necrosis in the putamen on both sides of her cerebrum. Although many drugs were detected in her blood, all of those other than dextromethorphan (DXM) were within or below the therapeutic range. Her blood DXM was 1.73 μg/ml at admission and 1.61 μg/ml at autopsy, which were within the toxic range or coma-to-death range. The cause of death was diagnosed as DXM poisoning. DXM can cause hallucinations and euphoria if taken in excess, but since it is available as an over-the-counter drug at general pharmacies, an increasing number of young people are overdosing on it, mistakenly believing it to be a safe drug with few side effects. We believe that further social measures against DXM are necessary in Japan, such as disseminating correct knowledge in society and regulating over-the-counter sales.