Traditional cafes are indoor spaces with many suspended particles and toxic compounds in the air. This study aimed to investigate the air quality in terms of indoor and outdoor suspended particles of PM2.5 and PM10, and CO₂ in traditional cafes in Tehran. This descriptive study was conducted in 2019-2020 on 100 traditional cafes. The concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in these cafes’ indoor and outdoor air was measured using a Particle Mass Counter, and the concentration of CO₂ was measured by 535-TESTO (Testo SE & Co. KGaA, Lenzkirch). The data was analyzed using SPSS.22 (IBM, NY). The trend of changes in the concentration of suspended particles of PM10 and PM2.5 in hookah supply places in Tehran showed that teahouses had the highest concentrations of those particles compared to other studied places, i.e., traditional restaurants, hookah cafes, and traditional coffeehouses. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 inside the coffeehouses were higher than the threshold limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for long-term effects. The long-term presence of these harmful compounds in the indoor air of traditional cafes can cause chronic exposure to their staff and adversely affect their health.

This study aims to explain generational differences among teachers and to examine the factors that affect organizational toxic workplace (OTW) in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) area of Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 teachers in the EEC. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data collection period was between 20 January and 2 February, 2025. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed that teachers in Generations X, Y, and Z had significantly different self-experiences of bullying (P < 0.05), with a high level for Generation Y at 47.8%, followed by Generations X and Z at 43.4% and 28.6%, respectively. Factors that were significantly related to OTW (P < 0.05) were female gender (OR = 3.764, 95% CI = 2.050–6.910) and high levels of self-experience of bullying (OR = 11.901, 95% CI = 6.541–21.654). In conclusion, high levels of OTW can occur in all generations, but individuals who have had toxic experiences can make the workplace highly toxic, meaning that most people have had negative experiences. Executives should have a vision and policy to reduce OTW, allow everyone to express their opinions at work, accept each other’s opinions, and change from using top-down orders to doing things with participation.

Menopausal symptoms have a significant impact on women’s physical and mental health. Although many female workers suffer from menopausal symptoms, their actual situation and its impact on their employment are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between menopausal symptoms and presenteeism, and the effect of support from the workplace. A job-based survey study of 881 female workers in their 40s to 60s working for a single company was conducted in Japan in October, 2023. We used a questionnaire that included items on demographic characteristics, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) to evaluate menopausal symptoms, and the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun) to measure presenteeism. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed. Compared to female workers without menopausal symptoms, the prevalence of work functioning impairment increased with increasing severity of menopausal symptoms, namely mild [Prevalence Ratio (PR): 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–3.40, P=0.608], moderate [PR: 5.12; 95%CI: 2.28–11.5, P < 0.001], and severe [PR: 13.8; 95%CI: 6.15–31.0, P < 0.001]. MRS scores and prevalence of work functioning impairment showed a significant trend (P < 0.001). Female workers who did not receive support from the workplace were more likely to experience work functioning impairment [PR: 3.16; 95%CI: 2.05–4.89, P < 0.001]. There is an association between menopause symptoms and presenteeism in Japanese women. Support from the workplace for menopausal symptoms may improve presenteeism.

Wildland firefighters are at risk of respiratory impairment and systemic inflammation. However, integrated assessments of inflammatory biomarkers, lung function, and symptoms are limited, especially among Thai firefighters. This study aimed to examine the associations between inflammatory biomarkers, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and related health factors in wildland firefighters in Northern Thailand. This cross-sectional study surveyed 146 wildland firefighters from eight Phayao stations using interviewer-administered questionnaires, including a Thai-adapted ATS-DLD-78-A questionnaire to assess demographics, lifestyle, health, work factors, and respiratory symptoms. High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and Pulmonary function (FVC%-predicted, FEV₁%-predicted, FEV₁/FVC%, FEF_25–75%-predicted) were measured. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation tests. Median hs-CRP was 1.44 µg/l, and median FeNO was 11.83 ppb. Significant positive associations were identified between hs-CRP levels and BMI (P=0.003) and FeNO (P<0.001). Lung function parameters (FVC%-predicted, FEV₁%-predicted, FEF_25–75%-predicted) were negatively correlated with hs-CRP levels (P<0.05). Elevated hs-CRP and reduced lung function were significantly associated with increased respiratory symptoms (P<0.05). Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol, were not significantly associated with hs-CRP. This study highlights associations between systemic inflammation, lung function decline, and respiratory symptoms in wildland firefighters, emphasizing the need for integrated biomarker and lung function monitoring for early detection in occupational health surveillance.

We report a case of mediastinal abscess formation following endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) performed for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A 50-year-old man, who had undergone surgery for lung cancer and received adjuvant chemotherapy, presented two months after completing chemotherapy with subcarinal lymph node enlargement on computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)-CT. The size of the lymph node increased more than twofold over the following month, as revealed by evaluation with EUS. EUS-TA was then performed, confirming lymph node metastasis from lung cancer. Six days later, contrast-enhanced CT revealed a hypodense lesion with marginal enhancement surrounding the punctured lymph node, leading to the diagnosis of a mediastinal abscess. The patient’s clinical condition improved with conservative treatment using intravenous antibiotics. The abscess formation was primarily outside the lymph node, suggesting that the puncture needle may have inoculated bacteria into a poorly vascularized area. The patient’s immunocompromised state following chemotherapy and the inadequate blood supply within the rapidly enlarging lymph node likely contributed to the abscess formation. Mediastinal abscess formation following EUS-TA for lymphadenopathy is rare, and current guidelines do not recommend prophylactic antibiotics. However, as demonstrated in this case, endoscopists may encounter this complication when multiple risk factors are present.

A rare variant of Klinefelter syndrome, 48XXYY syndrome presents with a wide range of clinical features, including tall stature, intellectual disability, skeletal anomalies, and autism spectrum disorder. We report a male patient with psychomotor developmental delay, progressive genu valgum, dental anomalies, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. He was referred to our center at 2 years and 7 months of age, but a definitive diagnosis was not made until he was 16 years old. Although Prader-Willi syndrome was initially suspected, it was ruled out, and he was provisionally diagnosed with cerebral palsy. At 14 years of age, he was re-referred for worsening gait and behavioral issues. Whole-exome sequencing revealed no causative variants, but chromosomal microarray analysis detected gains in the X and Y chromosomes. Conventional G-banding, not performed during the initial workup, later confirmed a 48XXYY karyotype. Laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This case illustrates the limitations of next-generation sequencing in detecting chromosomal aneuploidies and highlights the diagnostic value of traditional cytogenetic methods. Early identification may enable timely endocrine therapy, educational interventions, and psychosocial support, potentially improving developmental and behavioral outcomes. A stepwise diagnostic approach, beginning with G-banding analysis in patients with unexplained developmental delay and dysmorphic features, remains essential to avoid delayed diagnosis and to optimize patient care.