Abstract
East Asian or Southeast Asian countries, such as Japan, China, and Taiwan, have been pursuing a modernization process which has been influenced by East European countries. As part of the effort to study these regions, we pick up with China this year. We intend to sort out the characteristics of the modernization process with urban multi-family housing. Major subject areas are : A. Position of multi-family housing in urban housing ; B. Relationship between the social system and the supply of multi-family housing (popularization process of multi-family housing) ; C. Relationship between the traditional housing culture and modernization (the floor plan of the unit, living activity, the way of living, the use of shoes and floor furnishings, and locality) ; D. Roles of European countries in the modernization of housing. In chapter 1, the following have been clarified : (1) In the urban areas of China, the most popular kind of housing is multi-family housing. (2) The living standard is still low. Though there are still many problems, the standard is steadily rising. (3) As reasons for the popularity of urban multi-family housing, there are the influences of the Soviet Union in the early stages, the nationalization and possession of real estate, and the planned supply of housing by national and local units. In Chapter 2, the transition in plans of the housing units were analyzed from written references. As a result, the transition process has been sorted into : Soviet Union Style Housing, Tao-jian Style Housing, First Half Ting Style Housing, and Last Half Ting Style Housing. The following three became apparent as the elements regulating the plans of the units : (1) the effects of the Soviet Union style housing, (2) the restriction of area for the reduction of costs, and (3) the rationalization of living styles and the role of Ting. In Chapter 3, the following two points were confirmed from the results of a dwelling survey : (1) there is a relationship between the division of private and public spheres in living activities and the scale of Ting ; and (2) there exists a locality effect in the plans of the residence and the dwelling styles. In Chapter 4, analysis was performed on the relationship between the housing supply and the social system. The following points became evident : (1) up to now, the “skeleton supply with minimum specification” and “self-remodeling at the time of beginning residence in the housing unit” are inevitable ; and (2) with the increase in commercialization in recent years, the supply method is being affected. From the above study results, as a conclusion, the characteristics of the modernization process of multi-family housing in China were summarized.
