This paper introduces some perspectives regarding minority group behavior and the places where they can “be themselves” in the city. Through participant observation, we looked at how children and the homeless find places where they are free to be themselves. The physical and social characteristics of the environments were described. Results indicated that 1) facilities designed for such groups can actually be exclusionary, so 2) they need another type of facilities such as one that allows them to create in outdoor environments, and 3) in order for these groups to be able to create their own outdoor environments which are different from indoor ones, it is necessary for them to be able to use and change, and be supported by, their social and physical environments.

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In the U.S and the U.K, Community Design Center, Community Technical Aid Centre and Planning Aid have established to support community-based architecture and planning activities especially since 1950s. Its activities are education for young professional and architectural and design for socially disadvantaged etc. For our country, it is necessary to promote 1) education for prospective professional, 2) movement towards demanding professional fee, 3) improvement for dispatch of professional program in local government, 4) maturation of civic organization and 5) fee for professional to promote support activities by experts for community -based architecture and planning.

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In this study, we developed community revitalization and housings support program in a densely crowded build-up area. First, we studied Mukojima area to get to know the process of community planning done by various groups' partnership. Second, we chose potential corporative housing site as case study sites and developed three plans which are supposed to stimulate living environment improvement. Based on the assessment of the plans, we studied potential accessory facilities with the housings and patterns of sequent housing development. Finally, we presented a partnership model between NPO and residents, and issues of support by public sector for implementing the project.

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This study tries to evaluate possibility of preservation and regeneration of suburban residential area in Seijyo. Seijyogakuen was relocated from Usigome in the end of Taisyo era, and developed the residential section at the period. Townscape of Seijyo changed in these 80 years, by site of a residential section subdivided, hedges and modem houses decreased in number. But the good example of conservation restored modern houses was discovered. The longtime resident thinks that collapse of the community of a town led to collapse of townscape. This study investigated the statute and example about modem houses and town planning, and considered redevelopment of townscape.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the approaches to renewal of urban residential districts and improvement in narrow roads based on local characteristics in cities with special agencies for the Building Standard Law, and to study the potentiality of developing locally unique methods considering the revised Law. We confirmed that the third clause of Article 42 for road designation and the provisory clause of Article 43 for the exceptional permit of pathways are applied to various c nes accordingn to the local circumstances. We found the possibilities for strategic applications of the rules as remedies to improve narrow roads, and to promote planned renewals of residential districts.

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This research studies two public housing projects on Miyako Island; Hirara Danchi of Okinawa Prefecture and Baba Danchi of Hirara City. Both have intermediary zone between inside and outside of units. Surveys are conducted on the thermal environment, usage of the intermediary zone, residents' evaluation of the intermediary zone and neighborhood communication within the housing. The findings are (1) the variety of the thermal environment depends on the shape of internal court, (2) the intermediary zone is actively used by residents, (3) the residents evaluate the intermediary zone positively and (4) neighborhood communication is comprehensively defined by the intermediary zone, the shapes of outside space and the state of communities.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the continuation of action by resident at rebuilt public housings. The details of this study can be summed up as follows. The characteristic of housing is related to not only space but also circumstances of autonomy and other several factor. Individual continuation of action by resident has 5 types. And we found the common and original method of continuation. Finaly, we planned the renovation at Kori housing. It has put to old terrace houses to care the tendency and conditions of this study.

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In this study, We investigated on remains of the subdivision. houses for salaried workers executed by Dojunkai foundation for a period between 1928 and 1938. The investigation was conducted through verifying the number of the remains, questionnaire to the inhabitants of them and measuring houses as the remains. As a result, it developed that the number of remains, which could be verified as the Dojunkai's, is 29 in 524. Including houses which quite possibly were constructed by Dojunkai, it' s 48. And there are three phases of transfiguration of the architectural form with plan, the first form in the beginning of the service, the several basic forms adopted from 1929 to 1932, the applied forms without “hiro-en” since 1932. “hiro-en”, such as a verandah, is the part which had been designated as a characteristic of Dojunkai' s until 1932.

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This study focuses on the continual habitation of the farm villages located in city suburbs, even though its maintenance is becoming difficult. It alms at exploring the methods by which buildings are inherited, maintaining a traditional landscape. First, from the standpoint of a traditional landscape, this study pays attention to the Nagayamon gates, its forming process, planning, materials and construction. The role of Nagayamon gate within the residence or the area was grasped in chronological order. Finally, as a proposal, based on the research results, the possibility of offering the Nagayamon gate as residence to the area with the cooperation of public organizations was illustrated.

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This study shows the planning principles and the factors to define the standard of square on group-housing for the intellectual disabled in four Nordic countries, furthermore the analysis and consideration about actual situations of residents at the view from spatial conditions and care system in each countries. Through these data we clarified the planning theory to realize private space for normal living, could find important examples and progressive results. Finally we made reference on the problems for arrangements of living conditions at the group housing in Japan in near future.

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This research aims to clarify how living in public collective housing for the elderly affects the residents' quality of life. The residents' actual life and their quality of life in silver housing and in neighboring collective housing have been comparatively analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) The residents in collective housing are more active and their QOL score is higher. 2) The residents in silver housing regard their housing more highly and they feel more secure about their housing. 3) QOL score is affected by the residents' behavior, their way of thinking and their way of living.

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Local authorities used to own one third of the total housing stock in Britain. It was a token of British welfare state. However, council housing has been sold under the time of post-modern welfare state. And then, the roles of local authority have been diminished. Instead, voluntary sector including housing association is expected to be a new housing provider. This study examines differences of historical backcloth in development of urban and housing policy between Japan and England and provides scope for understanding the relation among public, private and voluntary sectors in current housing provision surveying housing association's housing and non-housing activities. To conclude, it suggests, as an implication for the current Japanese housing policy, that it should be significant to establish comprehensive regeneration policy based local community.

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Recently, in European countries and USA there are several the reports of relationship between dampness in building and health such as asthma and other respiratory symptoms. H has been said that Japan is humid environment and moisture problems has happened in buildings. The purpose of this study is to clarify the association between indoor environment and occupants' health in damp buildings, and to offer the design strategies of indoor thermal environment and I.A.Q.. The investigation of dwelling indoor environment in Tohoku District revealed that occupants' health has relationship to allergen of mould and mite.

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Electricity consumed for lighting and electric appliances and residents' life style were investigated by means of questionnaires for 329 houses and the measurements in two houses. The relationship between electric consumption for appliances and the influencing factors such as number of appliances was evaluated by using the multivariate analysis. In measurements of electric consumption, the ratio by each appliance and leaking electricity were investigated. Effect for changes of life style on energy consumption was examined by proposal of some menus for energy saving. The results suggested that it was important to enhance residents' awareness of energy conservation.

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The aim of our study is investigation of new living style and housing design where aged and disables can move freely in snow season without barrier. On this paper, We made clear as follows. Planning of the universal design house using micro cogeneration system is effective in energy cut and making new living style in snow country. Especially intermediate space (greenhouse, workshop, garage, entrance space) that is warmed low temperature by using cascade heat system from cogeneration's surplus heat is effective in connecting between outside and living space, and makes livable in snow season indoor life.

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In consideration of strong needs for cost-effective seismic retrofit for old houses built in urban areas, proposed is a type of retrofit techniques in which detached houses are linked together by inexpensive materials like ropes, cushions, and others. A series of shaking table tests were conducted with the type of linking, type of linking elements, and type of motions as major test variables. Although the linking elements exhibit strong nonlinearity because of gaps, slacks, etc., it is noted that they could be approximated to equivalent linear elements. Analytic formulations are presented for the equivalent linearization of the linked systems, and equivalent elastic stiffness and viscous damping ratios are derived as a unified function of the stiffness of the linked systems, stiffness and damping of the linking element, and length of the gap or the slack. The effectiveness of the analytical expressions was demonstrated in comparison with the results obtained numerically. Discussion was also extended to the inexpensive materials that may be applicable in real implementation of the system proposed in this study.

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The construction of clay-walled house which was very common all over Japan before around 1970 is disappearing in the housing industry. But Mikawa is exception. This study aims at identifying the reason why this technique is still maintained in this area through interview and questionnaire survey to artisans, material suppliers, clients, etc. As a result, the following points came to clear, 1) earth related industries including agriculture and ceramics have taken root in this area, 2) traditional artisans including carpenters and plasterer are relatively active in the eastern Mikawa if compared to metropolitan area, 3) it is preferred by the head family and young health-oriented clients.

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For the effective reuse of wooden wastes discharged from demolishing work of wooden houses, the hand-demolition method was proposed so that the main parts such as columns, beams and others were recovered and reused for building halters after appropriate processing. The demolishment of houses was performed actually by hand-demolition method and the quality and amount of wooden wastes discharged were investigated. Based on these results, hand-demolition system proposed was compared with the present machine-based classifying demolition one concerning house demolition works, construction wastes treatment required, and recycling from the viewpoints of environmental and economic aspects. In all operations, the hand-demolition system required less energy and cost than the machine-based classifying one and the woods recovered could be effectively reused as house-building lumbers converting to the recycled lumbers and laminated lumbers. The wooden wastes could be stocked as house-building lumbers without burning or landfilling and they could contribute to a certain extent to decrease the generation of CO2.

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The aim of this thesis is to deliberate on Sosen Kidu and Kaichiro Usui who had made tea-room against the modern tendency with western technique. They had made tea-room in different effect from early modern architecture with new technique. The difference of the style between Kidu and Usui is thought as cause for the difference of the date. And their activity could be put on the one tide from early modern to new modern world.

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The aims of this study are documenting and analyzing the materials that we collected for the Exhibition of “Women and Architecture”, and to define of the features of women pioneer architects in Japan. We defined the pioneer women architects and engineers in Japan as women who began their architectural activities or graduated from universities before the mid-1960s. We documented certain materials and suggested that we must set up an archive of women architects. As for the features of pioneer women architects, they had strong-will for economic independence and enthusiasm for their work supported by the democratic movement, good colleagues and mentors.

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