Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association
Online ISSN : 2186-0211
Print ISSN : 0446-6454
ISSN-L : 0446-6454
A Mass Outbreak of Bovine Viral Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease
HIDEYUKI YAMASHITAJUNJI HIRAISHIROU WATANABETAKASHI IDAMINORU SASAKIEISAKU MIYAMOTO
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1992 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 919-923

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Abstract

In January 1985, an acute disease of calves charactrized by respiratory signs and digestive tract disorders occurred on a farm where 27 breeding cattle and 16 calves of the Japanese indigenous Black breed were reared. All calves fell ill with fever up to 39.0-43°C, depression, anorexia, respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, and profuse scouring accompanied by blood and mucus. Four of them, 4 and 5 months of age, were severely affected developed watery diarrhea accompanied by periodic tenesmus, dysuria, and dehydration, and died 4 to 5 days after the onset of illness. At necropsy, main lesions were congestion and hemorrhage in the mucosa of the alimehtary tract, which contained a dark brown fluid with blood. The microscopic lesions in the mucosa of the tongue, soft palate, esophagus and abomasum were hemorrhage, erosion and necrosis. In the intestinal tract, desquamation of the epithelial cells, mild cellular infiltration and remarkable necrotic thickening of the mucosa were evident. Virologically, cytopathogenic bovine diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus was isolated from the nasal discharge and diarrheal feces of 4 affected animals, and from the brain, lung, heart, spleen, liver, rectum, and maxillary lymph nodes of 2 dead animals. Noncytopathogenic BVD-MD virus was also isolated from the spleen and kidney of these dead animals. The incidence of neutralizing antibody against the Nose strain of cytopathogenic BVD-MD virus in bovine sera collected in 1981, 1984, and 1991 in Hiroshima Prefecuture was 49%, 49%, and 64% respectively.

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