Spacecrafts are subjected to severe environmental conditions. Loud sound and vibration are generated in their launch, and separation of spacecrafts from a rocket causes a great shock. Moreover, they are exposed to high-vacuum, very low temperature close to absolute zero, high temperature due to solar radiation, and other severe conditions not found on the earth.
Once spacecrafts are launched, repair of them is almost impossible. So, it is important to make sure spacecrafts will function properly in such environment before lift-off. They are tested using test facilities which simulate the environmental conditions during launch and flight. In particular, this review shows thermal vacuum test and a space chamber, which simulates high-vacuum, very low temperature, and solar radiation.
