Ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (B-GCMs), which are general circulation models coupled with simple biogeochemical processes, was developed during the early l990s. B-GCM can deal with the physical and biogeochemical processes together and make simulatiouts which are "directly" compared with the tracer distributions, such as phosphate, dissolved oxygen, δ13C, Δ14C, and so On, measured by many oceanographic expeditions. The study using B-GCM has clarified the relation between biological pump and the global nutrient distribtutions, and has estimated the production rates and life time of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). B-GCM can be used for the estimation of the ocean uptake of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide. B-GCM can also be a powerful tool of paleoceanography.
