THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF UNSTABLE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT IN BASEBALL PITCHERS

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There are many conditions in which the patient complains of shoulder pain.
Of these conditions, the shoulder disorders caused by sports are more difficult than might be expected, to diagnose and treat.
Shoulder problems where the complaint is pain, in baseball players which involves throwing motions, are espacially difficult to diagnose and treat, when compared to other sports-related problems.
This type of painful shoulder, occurring in conditions where the shoulder undergoes maximum loading at high spead, differs from the soreness involved with ordinary shoulder movements such as those occurring in everyday life.
Especially in throwing injuries, which are considered to occur as a result of the instability, of the shoulder joint, it is at present almost impossible to make an accurate determination of the intraarticular damage in the glenohumeral joint.
Pappas described articulation as follows, the glenohumeral joint is the most mobile in the body.
Bony restraint is minimal and further more, the open face of the glenoid fossa is derected anterolaterally, so that the articulation is inherently more stable posteriorly than anteriorly.
The surrounding soft tissue provede the elementary restraint against excessive mobility. These tussues are the glenoid lablum, the joint synovium and capsule, the glenohumeral ligaments, and the adjacent muscles, tendons. One of the most important soft tissue stabilizing structures is the glenoid labrum.
Recently many authers have noticed that lesser injuries can result in a symptomatic unstable shoulder joint.
Instability of the glenohumeral joint presents in many varied and often subtle clinical forms. Excellent research for the subluxation of the shoulder have been by Neer, Rowe, and Rockwood. Unstable glenohumeral joint is classified by Rockwood as follows.