Abstract
Researchers from various academic fields have paid close attention to mindsets for many years, and second language acquisition is no exception. Previous studies in SLA introduced language-specific mindsets by developing the Language Mindsets Inventory scale to examine language learners’ mindsets. Although a Japanese version of this scale has already been developed, there may be room for improvement in terms of its translation and validation. The current study aimed to develop a more refined Japanese version of the scale through a careful translation process and a thorough examination of its reliability and validity. Participants in the current study were 179 EFL university students in Japan. Results of the reliability analysis showed that the new Japanesetranslated scale with 12 items was highly reliable. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the four-factor model had a good fit and further evidence was added by examining the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The outcomes of the study imply that mindsets may not transcend subject areas which suggest the development of skill-specific mindset scales.
https://ror.org/02yz8wm13 
