Abstract
With the arrival of the era when almost all high school students pursue higher education, the demand for developmental education has been escalating. This study analyzed 155 studies found in CiNii Research, aiming to elucidate the trends of developmental English education in Japan. Findings indicate that the number of research in this field has been declining. The primary focus of the studies were related to teaching methods and materials, especially ICT. However, the focus shifted from teaching materials to teaching methods during the researched period. Although motivation-related concerns are prevalent in the literature, psychological aspects are not investigated as much as the educational aspects. Additionally, most developmental English classes concentrate on fundamental knowledge such as grammar and vocabulary and reading, with limited attention directed towards speaking. Drawing on related previous studies, this study advocates incorporating more collaborative learning, speaking (interaction) activities, and international understanding topics to suggest improvements for developmental English classes.
https://ror.org/05jk51a88 
